Durgesh TiwariThe computer cannot do anything on its own unless it is given an instruction. It is the computer program or software that tells the computer what to do and how to work. That is, your computer cannot do anything without any program or software. Computer program is also called software or computer application.
Programming is the process by which a computer program is designed. To solve a problem or perform a task, there are many instructions inside a program and these instructions are written by the programmer.
The more accurate, clear and correct the program, the more correct and accurate answer the computer will give you, the language you use to write the instruction is called Programming Language.
You must know that the computer understands only one language, and that is Binary Language. Binary language remains only in the form 0 and 1, in computer zero (0) means off and 1 means on.
- Python Language
- Java Language
- C- Language
- C++ Language
- JavaScript Language
- PHP Language
- ASP.Net Language
- c# Language
- VB.Net Language
Steps of Programming
There are many steps in programming, out of which 5 main steps are given below:
Understanding the problem: The programmer first has to understand the problem which is to be solved by the computer.
Find solutions: After this a solution to the problem is found and a plan is made.
Program coding: In order to do that work by the computer, instruction has to be written and for this, coding has to be done by choosing the appropriate programming language.
Testing the program: The program made is tested in different ways and the result is analyzed.
Preparation of Documentation: Separate documents are prepared to explain that program. Like end user documentation, programmer documentation, operator documentation etc.
Types Of Programming Language
- Low Level Language
- High Level Language
Low Level Language
Low level language is easily understood by the computer or it can be spoken that it is a language that the machine can understand or all the programs written in it are understood directly by the computer. It is called low level language due to its proximity to computer and less understandable language to humans. Or it is also called machine language or binary language.
These are of two types.
1. Machine Language
2. Assembly Language
Machine Language
Machine language was used in the first generation computer, so it is called First Generation Computer Language. is. Directly executes all instruction computers written in this language. This language is executed very fast, that is why after compiling other languages, it is first converted into Machine Language, then its output is obtained.
Machine language is a language in which only two digits 0 (Off) and 1 (on) are used. Which we know each digit as Bit, it is the computer’s own language which it understands, in the same way as we understand Hindi language very easily.
Example of Machine Language Code
If you have typed “A” in the computer, then the letter “A” is 01000001 in ASCII in Machine Code i.e. Binary Bit, but we do not understand 01000001. This data appears as “A” on the computer screen. An image taken from a mobile may contain thousands or even millions of binary bits that determine the color of each pixel.
The text "Hello World" below is written in binary code i.e. Machine Language.
01001000 01100101 01101100 01101100 01101111 00100000 01010111 01101111 01110010 01101100 01100100
Assembly Language
Assembly language was created to overcome the difficulties in writing programs in machine language because it was very difficult for us to understand the signs written in machine language in 0’s and 1’s. Signs were also used in assembly language, but this sign was done with words that we can understand, which is called mnemonic code, using these mnemonic codes made it easy to write programs in assembly language.
Below are some examples of instructions used in x86 model processors, this will give you an idea of what type of instructions are used in assembly language.
MOV – It is used to move data from one place to another.
ADD – It is used to add two values.
SUB – It is used to subtract two values.
PUSH – It is used to push data in a row.
POP – It is used to restore a data.
JMP – It is used to jump the data to any other place in the row.
INT – It is used to interrupt or stop a process.
How programs written in assembly language work
To run a program written in assembly language, we have to use mnemonic court, then to convert these codes into machine language, we need a translator, which we call assembler. And after the task is completed, we get the answer according to the program written in assembly language.
High Level Language
High level programming languages are used to create software and programs. It is a class of languages designed with the aim of simplifying computer programming. In this, English language words and mathematical symbols are used to write the program, so it is much easier for humans to understand and use the high level language to write the program.
It is also the third generation language which is being used and running by many programmers till now. They are less independent than a specific type of computer and they also require a translator who can convert high level language into machine language.
Whatever code we write in high level language is called source code and when translator or compiler converts our source code into machine language it is called object code.
Translator can be an interpreter and compiler that helps the computer to convert it into binary code for understanding. There are various high level programming languages like C, Fortran or Pascal which are less independent and enable programmers to write programs.
C, C++, C#, Java, Python, PHP, JavaScript, FORTRAN, Ruby, Visual Basic are examples of some major high-level languages.
It is user-friendly as programs are written in English using words, symbols, characters, numbers which need to be converted into machine code for processing.
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